A chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the arteries and a leading risk factor for heart attacks and strokes.
Management typically involves lifestyle changes and medication to control high blood pressure and lower the risk of complications.
It is often called the “silent killer” because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms until it is severe or has caused complications.
In some cases, people with high blood pressure may experience:
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Flushing
- Dizziness
- Chest pain
Risk Factors for Hypertension
- Age
- Family history
- Lifestyle factors
- Medical conditions like obesity, diabetes, and kidney disease are associated with hypertension
Diagnostic Evaluation
- Blood pressure measurement: Diagnosis is based on elevated blood pressure readings obtained multiple times.
- Assessment of risk factors: Evaluating lifestyle habits, family history, and the presence of comorbidities helps assess overall cardiovascular risk.
- Physical examination: It reveals signs of target organ damage, such as enlarged heart or kidney abnormalities.
Treatment Goals
- Control blood pressure: The primary goal is to achieve and maintain blood pressure within recommended targets to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
- Prevent complications: Lowering blood pressure helps prevent heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
- Improve overall cardiovascular health: Treatment aims to improve cardiovascular health and reduce mortality associated with hypertension.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Dietary changes
- Regular exercise
- Weight management
- Quit smoking
- Limiting alcohol intake
Regular Monitoring and Follow-up
- Blood pressure monitoring: Regular monitoring at home and during healthcare visits
- Medication adherence: Ensuring compliance with prescribed medications and addressing barriers to adherence
- Follow-up visits: Regular follow-up to assess treatment efficacy
Patient Education and Empowerment
- Educating patients about hypertension, its risk factors, and lifestyle modifications and medication adherence.
- Empowering patients to actively manage their condition through self-monitoring, healthy lifestyle choices, and open communication with healthcare providers.
Hypertension is a common and severe medical condition that requires comprehensive management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.
A multi-faceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, medication therapy, regular monitoring, and patient education, is essential for effective hypertension management and cardiovascular health.
